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Refcard #021

JavaServer Faces

Easy Web Development in Java

Describes the JSF development process, standard JSF tags, the JSF expression language, and the faces-config.xml configuration file.

Free PDF for Easy Reference
refcard cover

Written By

author avatar Cay Horstmann
Professor, SJSU
Table of Contents
► About This Refcard ► Development Proces ► LifeCycle ► faces-config.xml ► web.xml ► The JSF Expression Language (EL) ► Basic Attributes
Section 1

About This Refcard

JavaServer Faces (JSF) is the "official" component-based view technology in the Java EE web tier. JSF includes a set of predefined UI components, an event-driven programming model, and the ability to add third-party components. JSF is designed to be extensible, easy to use, and toolable. This refcard describes the JSF development process, standard JSF tags, the JSF expression language, and the faces-config.xml configuration file.

Section 2

Development Proces

A developer specifies JSF components in JSF pages, combining JSF component tags with HTML and CSS for styling. Components are linked with managed beans,Java classes that contain presentation logic and connect to business logic and persistence backends. Entries in faces-config.xml contain navigation rules and instructions for loading managed beans.

Development Process

A JSF page has the following structure:

JSP Style Proper XML
<html>
<%@ taglib
uri="http://
java.sun.com/jsf/
core"
prefix="f" %>
<%@ taglib
uri="http://
java.sun.com/jsf/
html"
prefix="h" %>
<f:view>
<head>
<title>...</
title>
</head>
<body>
<h:form>
...
</h:form>
</body>
</f:view>
</html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/
JSP/Page"
xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core"
xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
version="2.0">
<jsp:directive.page contentType="text/
html;charset=UTF-8"/>
<jsp:output omit-xml-declaration="no"
doctype-root-element="html"
doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/
xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"/>
<f:view>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/
xhtml">
<head>
<title>...</title>
</head>
<body>
<h:form>...</h:form>
</body>
</html>
</f:view>
</jsp:root>

These common tasks give you a crash course into using JSF.

Text Field

page.jspx

<h:inputText value="#{bean1.luckyNumber}">

faces-config.xml

<managed-bean>
<managed-bean-name>bean1</managed-bean-name>
<managed-bean-class>com.corejsf.SampleBean</
managed-bean-class>
<managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
</managed-bean>

com/corejsf/SampleBean.java

public class SampleBean {
public int getLuckyNumber() { ... }
public void setLuckyNumber(int value) { ... }
...
}

Button

page.jspx

<h:commandButton value="press me" action="#{bean1.
login}"/>

faces-config.xml

<navigation-rule>
<navigation-case>
<from-outcome>success</from-outcome>
<to-view-id>/success.jspx</to-view-id>
</navigation-case>
<navigation-case>
<from-outcome>error</from-outcome>
<to-view-id>/error.jspx</to-view-id>
<redirect/>
</navigation-case>
</navigation-rule>

com/corejsf/SampleBean.java

public class SampleBean {
public String login() { if (...) return
"success"; else return "error"; }
...
}

Radio Buttons

page.jspx

<h:selectOneRadio value="#{form.condiment}>
<f:selectItems value="#{form.condimentItems}"/>
</h:selectOneRadio>

com/corejsf/SampleBean.java

public class SampleBean {
private Map<String, Object> condimentItem = null;
public Map<String, Object> getCondimentItems() {
if (condimentItem == null) {
condimentItem = new LinkedHashMap<String,
Object>();
condimentItem.put("Cheese", 1); // label, value
condimentItem.put("Pickle", 2);
...
}
return condimentItem;
}
public int getCondiment() { ... }
public void setCondiment(int value) { ... }
...
}

Validation and Conversion

page.jspx

<h:inputText value="#{payment.amount}"
required="true">
<f:validateDoubleRange maximum="1000"/>
</h:inputText>
<h:outputText value="#{payment.amount}">
<f:convertNumber type="currency"/>
<!-- number displayed with currency symbol and
group separator: $1,000.00 -->
</h:outputText>

Error Messages

Error Messages

page.jspx

<h:outputText value="Amount"/>
<h:inputText id="amount" label="Amount"
value="#{payment.amount}"/>
<!-- label is used in message text -->
<h:message for="amount"/>

Resources and Styles

page.jspx

<head>
<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css"/>
...
</head>
<body>
...
<h:outputText value="#{msgs.goodbye}!"
styleClass="goodbye">
...
</body>

faces-config.xml

<application>
<resource-bundle>
<base-name>com.corejsf.messages</base-name>
<var>msgs</var>
</resource-bundle>
</application>

com/corejsf/messages.properties

goodbye=Goodbye

com/corejsf/messages_de.properties

goodbye=Auf Wiedersehen

styles.css

.goodbye {
font-style: italic;
font-size: 1.5em;
color: #eee;
}

Table with links

Name  
Washington, George Delete
Jefferson, Thomas Delete
Lincoln, Abraham Delete
Roosevelt, Theodore Delete

page.jspx

<h:dataTable value="#{bean1.entries}" var="row"
styleClass="table" rowClasses="even,odd">
<h:column>
<f:facet name="header">
<h:outputText value="Name"/>
</f:facet>
<h:outputText value="#{row.name}"/>
</h:column>
<h:column>
<h:commandLink value="Delete" action="#{bean1.
deleteAction}" immediate="true">
<f:setPropertyActionListener target="#{bean1.
idToDelete}"
value="#{row.id}"/>
</h:commandLink>
</h:column>
</h:dataTable>

com/corejsf/SampleBean.java

public class SampleBean {
private int idToDelete;
public void setIdToDelete(int value) {idToDelete
= value; }
public String deleteAction() {
// delete the entry whose id is idToDelete
return null;
}
public List<Entry> getEntries() {...}
...
}
Section 3

LifeCycle

Lifecycle

Section 4

faces-config.xml

The faces-config.xml file contains a sequence of the following entries.

  • managed-bean
    1. description , display-name, icon (optional)
    2. managed-bean-name
    3. managed-bean-class
    4. managed-bean-scope
    5. managed-property (0 or more, other optional choices are map-entries and list-entries which are not shown here)
      1. description, display-name, icon (optional)
      2. property-name
      3. value (other choices are null-value, map-entries, list-entries which are not shown here)
  • navigation-rule
    1. description, display-name, icon (optional)
    2. from-view-id (optional, can use wildcards)
    3. navigation-case (1 or more)
      • from-action (optional, not common)
      • from-outcome
      • to-view-id
  • application
    • resource-bundle
      1. base-name
      2. var
    • action-listener, default-render-kit-id, resource-bundle, view-handler, state-manager, elresolver, property-resolver, variable-resolver, application-extension (details not shown)
  • converter
    • converter-id
    • converter-class
    • Optional initialization (not shown here)
  • validator
    • validator-id
    • validator-class
    • Optional initialization (not shown here)
  • lifecycle
    • phase-listener
  • component, factory, referenced-bean, render-kit, faces-config-extension (details not shown)
Section 5

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchemainstance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</
servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Add this element to change the extension for
JSF page files (Default: .jsp) -->
<context-param>
<param-name>javax.faces.DEFAULT_SUFFIX</paramname>
<param-value>.jspx</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.faces</url-pattern>
<!-- Another popular URL pattern is /faces/* -->
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.faces</welcome-file>
<!-- Create a blank index.faces (in addition to
index.jspx) -->
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<!-- Use <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content=
"0; URL=index.faces"/> -->
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
Section 6

The JSF Expression Language (EL)

An EL expression is a sequence of literal strings and expressions of the form base[expr1][expr2]... As in JavaScript, you can write base.identifier instead of base['identifier'] or base["identifier"]. The base is one of the names in the table below or a name defined in faces-config.xml.

header A Map of HTTP header parameters, containing only the first value for each name.
headerValues A Map of HTTP header parameters, yielding a String[] array of all values for a given name
param A Map of HTTP request parameters, containing only the first value for each name.
paramValues A Map of HTTP request parameters, yielding a String[] array of all values for a given name.
cookie A Map of the cookie names and values of the current request.
initParam A Map of the initialization parameters of this web application.
requestScope A Map of all request scope attributes.
sessionScope A Map of all session scope attributes.
applicationScope A Map of all application scope attributes.
facesContext The FacesContext instance of this request.
view The UIViewRoot instance of this request.

There are two expression types:

  • n Value expression: a reference to a bean property or an entry in a map, list, or array. Examples:
    userBean.name calls getName or setName on the userBean object
    pizza.choices[var] calls pizza.getChoices( ).get(var) or pizza.getChoices( ).put(var, ...)
  • n Method expression: a reference to a method and the object on which it is to be invoked. Example:
    userBean.login calls the login method on the userBean object when it is invoked.

In JSF, EL expressions are enclosed in #{...} to indicate deferred evaluation. The expression is stored as a string and evaluated when needed. In contrast, JSP uses immediate evaluation, indicated by ${...} delimiters.

JSF Core Tags

Tag Description/Attributes
f:view Creates the top-level view
locale The locale for this view.
renderKitId (JSF 1.2) The render kit ID for this view
beforePhase, afterPhase Phase listeners that are called in every phase except "restore view"
f:subview Creates a subview of a view
binding, id, rendered Basic attributes
f:facet Adds a facet to a component
name the name of this facet
f:attribute Adds an attribute to a component
name, value the name and value of the attribute to set
f:param Constructs a parameter child component
name An optional name for this parameter component.
value The value stored in this component.
binding, id Basic attributes
f:actionListener
f:valueChangeListener
Adds an action listener or value change listener to a component
type The name of the listener class
f:setPropertyChange Listener (JSF 1.2) Adds an action listener to a component that sets a bean property to a given value.
value The bean property to set when the action event occurs
binding, id The value to set it to
f:converter Adds an arbitary converter to a component
converterId The ID of the converter
f:convertDateTime Adds a datetime converter to a component
type date (default), time, or both
dateStyle default, short, medium, long, or full
timeStyle default, short, medium, long, or full
pattern Formatting pattern, as defined in java. text.SimpleDateFormat
locale Locale whose preferences are to be used for parsing and formatting
timezone Time zone to use for parsing and formatting
f:convertNumber Adds a number converter to a component
type number (default), currency , or percent
pattern Formatting pattern, as defined in java.text.DecimalFormat
maxFractionDigits Maximum number of digits in the fractional part
minFractionDigits Minimum number of digits in the fractional part
maxIntegerDigits Maximum number of digits in the integer part
minIntegerDigits Minimum number of digits in the integer part
integerOnly True if only the integer part is parsed (default: false)
groupingUsed True if grouping separators are used (default: true)
locale Locale whose preferences are to be used for parsing and formatting
currencyCode ISO 4217 currency code to use when converting currency values
currencySymbol Currency symbol to use when converting currency values
f:validator Adds a validator to a component
validatorId The ID of the validator
f:validateDoubleRange
f:validateLongRange
f:validateLength
Validates a double or long value, or the length of a string
minimum, maximum the minimum and maximum of the valid rang
f:loadBundle Loads a resource bundle, stores properties as a Map
basename The resource bundle name
value The name of the variable that is bound to the bundle map
f:selectitems Specifies items for a select one or select many component
binding, id Basic attributes
value Value expression that points to a SelectItem, an array or Collection of SelectItem objects, or a Map mapping labels to values.
f:selectitem Specifies an item for a select one or select many component
binding, id Basic attributes
itemDescription Description used by tools only
itemDisabled Boolean value that sets the item's disabled property
itemLabel Text shown by the item
itemValue Item's value, which is passed to the server as a request parameter
value Value expression that points to a SelectItem instance
f:verbatim Adds markup to a JSF page
escape If set to true, escapes <, >, and & characters. Default value is false.
rendered (JSF 1.2) Basic attributes

JSF HTML TAGS

Tag Description
h:form HTML form
h:inputText Single-line text input control Single line input text
h:inputTextarea Multiline text input control multi-line input text
h:inputSecret Password input control password
h:inputHidden Hidden field
h:outputLabel Label for another component for accessibility
h:outputLink HTML anchor javanet
h:outputFormat Like outputText, but formats compound messages
h:outputText Single-line text output
h:commandButton Button: submit, reset, or pushbutton Button
h:commandLink Link that acts like a pushbutton. register
h:message Displays the most recent message for a component Message
h:messages Displays all messages
h:grapicImage Displays an image Image
h:selectOneListbox Single-select listbox Single-select listbox
h:selectOneMenu Single-select menu Single-select menu
h:selectOneRadio Set of radio buttons Set of radio buttons
h:selectBooleanCheckbox Checkbox Checkbox
h:selectManyCheckbox Multiselect listbox Multiselect listbox
h:selectManyListbox Multiselect listbox Multiselect listbox
h:selectManyMenu Multiselect menu Multiselect menu
h:panelGrid HTML table
h:panelGroup Two or more components that are laid out as one
h:dataTable A feature-rich table component
h:column Column in a data table
Section 7

Basic Attributes

Identifier for a component binding Reference to the component that can be used in a backing bean rendered A boolean; false suppresses rendering styleClass Cascading stylesheet (CSS) class name value A component's value, typically a value binding valueChangeListener A method binding to a method that responds to value changes converter Converter class name validator Class name of a validator that's created and attached to a component required A boolean; if true, requires a value to be entered in the associated field

Attribute Description
id Identifier for a component
binding Reference to the component that can be used in a backing bean
rendered A boolean; false suppresses rendering
styleClass Cascading stylesheet (CSS) class name
value A component's value, typically a value binding
valueChangeListener A method binding to a method that responds to value changes
converter Converter class name
validator Class name of a validator that's created and attached to a component
required A boolean; if true, requires a value to be entered in the associated field

Attributes for h:form

Attribute Description
binding, id, rendered, styleClass Basic attributes
accept, acceptcharset, dir, enctype, lang, style, target, title HTML 4.0 attributes (acceptcharset corresponds to HTML accept-charset)
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onreset, onsubmit DHTML events

Attributes for h:inputText, h:inputSecret, h:inputTextarea, and h:inputHidden Attributes for text area

Attribute Description
cols For h:inputTextarea only,number of columns
immediate Process validation early in the life cycle
redisplay For h:inputSecret only,when true, the input field's value is redisplayed when the web page is reloaded
required Require input in the component when the form is submitted
rows For h:inputTextarea only,number of rows
valueChangeListener A specified listener that's notified of value changes
binding, converter, id, rendered, required, styleClass, value, validator Basic attributes
accesskey, alt, dir, disabled, lang, maxlength, readonly, size, style, tabindex, title HTML 4.0 pass-through attributes,alt, maxlength, and size do not apply to h:inputTextarea. None apply to h:inputHidden
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onselect DHTML events. None apply to h:inputHidden

Attributes for h:outputText and h:outputFormat

Attribute Description
escape If set to true, escapes <, >, and & characters. Default value is true.
binding, converter, id, rendered, styleClass, value Basic at tributes
style, title HTML 4.0

Attributes for h:outputLabel

Attribute Description
for The ID of the component to be labeled.
binding, converter, id, rendered, value Basic attributes

Attributes for h:graphicImage Image

Attribute Description
binding, id, rendered, styleClass, value Basic attributes
alt, dir, height, ismap, lang, longdesc, style, title, url, usemap, width HTML 4.0
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup DHTML events

Attributes for h:commandButton and h:commandLink Button

Attribute Description
action If specified as a string: Directly specifies an outcome used by the navigation handler to determine the JSF page to load next as a result of activating the button or link If specified as a method binding: The method has this signature: String methodName(); the string represents the outcome
actionListener A method binding that refers to a method with this signature: void methodName(ActionEvent)
charset For h:commandLink only,The character encoding of the linked reference
image For h:commandButton only,A context-relative path to an image displayed in a button. If you specify this attribute, the HTML input's type will be image.
immediate A boolean. If false (the default), actions and action listeners are invoked at the end of the request life cycle; if true, actions and action listeners are invoked at the beginning of the life cycle.
type For h:commandButton: The type of the generated input element: button, submit, or reset. The default, unless you specify the image attribute, is submit. For h:commandLink: The content type of the linked resource; for example, text/html, image/ gif, or audio/basic
value The label displayed by the button or link. You can specify a string or a value reference expression.
accesskey, alt, binding, id, lang, rendered, styleClass, value Basic attributes
coords (h:commandLink only), dir, disabled (h:commandButton only), hreflang (h:commandLink only), lang, readonly, rel (h:commandLink only), rev (h:commandLink only), shape (h:commandLink only), style, tabindex, target (h:commandLink only), title, type HTML 4.0
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onselect DHTML events

Attributes for h:outputLink

outputLink

Attribute Description
accesskey, binding, converter, id, lang, rendered, styleClass, value Basic attributes
charset, coords, dir, hreflang, lang, rel, rev, shape, style, tabindex, target, title, type HTML 4.0
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup DHTML events

Attributes for:


h:selectBooleanCheckbox,

h:selectManyCheckbox,

h:selectOneRadio,

h:selectOneListbox,

h:selectManyListbox,

h:selectOneMenu,

h:selectManyMenu

Radio

Attribute Description
disabledClass CSS class for disabled elements,for h:selectOneRadio and h:selectManyCheckbox only
enabledClass CSS class for enabled elements,for h:selectOneRadio and h:selectManyCheckbox only
layout Specification for how elements are laid out: lineDirection (horizontal) or pageDirection (vertical),for h:selectOneRadio and h:selectManyCheckbox only
binding, converter, id, immediate, styleClass, required, rendered, validator, value, valueChangeListener Basic attributes
accesskey, border, dir, disabled, lang, readonly, style, size, tabindex, title HTML 4.0,border is applicable to h:selectOneRadio and h:selectManyCheckbox only. size is applicable to h:selectOneListbox and h:selectManyListbox only
onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onselect DHTML events

Attributes for h:message and h:messages

Attributes for h:message and h:messages

Attribute Description
for The ID of the component whose message is displayed,applicable only to h:message
errorClass CSS class applied to error messages
errorStyle CSS style applied to error messages
fatalClass CSS class applied to fatal messages
fatalStyle CSS style applied to fatal messages
globalOnly Instruction to display only global messages,applicable only to h:messages. Default: false
infoClass CSS class applied to information messages
infoStyle CSS style applied to information messages
layout Specification for message layout: table or list,applicable only to h:messages
showDetail A boolean that determines whether message details are shown. Defaults are false for h:messages, true for h:message
showSummary A boolean that determines whether message summaries are shown. Defaults are true for h:messages, false for h:message
tooltip A boolean that determines whether message details are rendered in a tooltip; the tooltip is only rendered if showDetail and showSummary are true
warnClass CSS class for warning messages
warnStyle CSS style for warning messages
binding, id, rendered, styleClass Basic attributes
style, title HTML 4.0

Attributes for h:panelGrid

Attribute Description
bgcolor Background color for the table
border Width of the table's border
cellpadding Padding around table cells
cellspacing Spacing between table cells
columnClasses Comma-separated list of CSS classes for columns
columns Number of columns in the table
footerClass CSS class for the table footer
frame Specification for sides of the frame surrounding the table that are to be drawn; valid values: none, above, below, hsides, vsides, lhs, rhs, box, border
headerClass CSS class for the table header
rowClasses Comma-separated list of CSS classes for columns
rules Specification for lines drawn between cells; valid values: groups, rows, columns, all
summary Summary of the table's purpose and structure used for non-visual feedback such as speech
binding, id, rendered, styleClass, value Basic attributes
dir, lang, style, title, width HTML 4.0
onclick, ondblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup DHTML events

Attributes for h:panelGroup

Attribute Description
binding, id, rendered, styleClass Basic attributes
style HTML 4.0

Attributes for h:dataTable

Attribute Description
bgcolor Background color for the table
border Width of the table's border
cellpadding Padding around table cells
cellspacing Spacing between table cells
columnClasses Comma-separated list of CSS classes for columns
first Index of the first row shown in the table
footerClass CSS class for the table footer
frame Frame Specification for sides of the frame surrounding the table that are to be drawn; valid values: none, above, below, hsides, vsides, lhs, rhs, box, border
headerClass CSS class for the table header
rowClasses Comma-separated list of CSS classes for rows
rules Specification for lines drawn between cells; valid values: groups, rows, columns, all
summary Summary of the table's purpose and structure used for nonvisual feedback such as speech
var The name of the variable created by the data table that represents the current item in the value
binding, id, rendered, styleClass, value Basic attributes
dir, lang, style, title, width HTML 4.0
onclick, ondblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup DHTML events

Attributes for h:column

Attribute Description
headerClass (JSF 1.2) CSS class for the column's header
footerClass (JSF 1.2) CSS class for the column's footer
binding, id, rendered Basic attributes

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